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地方政府专项债是什么
时间:2020-07-24

地方政府专项债券是指省、自治区、直辖市政府(含经省级政府批准自办债券发行的计划单列市政府)为有一定收益的公益性项目发行的、约定一定期限内以公益性项目对应的政府性基金或专项收入还本付息的政府债券。

实际上,地方政府专项债就是政府融资的一种方式和渠道。只不过企业有很多方式,一种是股权融资,一类是债权融资。而且光是债权融资就有很多种品种,比如公司债、企业债、非金融企业债务融资工具等等。而政府,就是发行地方政府债券。地方政府债券分为一般债和专项债。上一篇讲过两者的区别,什么样的项目适合发行专项债,大家往回看。

细看一下地方政府专项债的定义,它写明了专项债的发行主体、发行项目类型以及偿债来源。发行主体是省、自治区、直辖市政府,含经省级政府批准自办债券发行的计划单列市政府;发行项目类型是有一定收益的公益性项目;偿债来源是以公益性项目对应的政府性基金或专项收入。

单只专项债券应当以单项政府性基金或专项收入为偿债来源。单只专项债券可以对应单一项目发行,也可以对应多个项目集合发行。这句话的重点在于“单只专项债券可以对应单一项目发行,也可以对应多个项目集合发行。”

这一句看起来无关紧要的话恰恰是专项债发行的核心呐~许多城投公司发行债券,并不一定都满足发行条件,因此就需要通过资产整合方式来调整公司的财务状况,从而达到发债条件。同样,政府发行债券,可能有好几个项目,有一些盈利情况很好,本息覆盖倍数很高,一些项目资金需求很多,但是未来的现金流入会很少,导致净收入并不一定能够覆盖本金和利息。因此就需要进行适当的包装,将几个同类型的项目进行整合包装成一个大项目。

专项债券存续期内,各地应按有关规定持续披露募投项目情况、募集资金使用情况、对应的政府性基金或专项收入情况以及可能影响专项债券偿还能力的重大事项等。专项债之所以叫专项债,是因为有一个特点叫专款专用。什么项目借来的钱就要用到什么地方去,如果用不动了,需要调整,那就要重新向投资者披露调整情况。而重新披露,就是要重新披露一整套材料,信息披露文件、项目收益与融资自求平衡方案、财务评价报告、法律意见书等等。会计师和律师都要对调整后的情况进行专业性的评价。

进元财富认为,地方政府债固然是十分稳健的投资理财产品,但地方政府债很难实行如今经济高速发展下的增长需求,对于一般投资者而言,更高投资收益的需求是一直存在的。相较而言,城投平台作为地方政府代理人,其融资产品同样也较为安全。通过我方购买城投平台融资产品,可享受市场最高返点及风险点评服务。

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