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    style="display:block"> 信托投资知识 定融产品知识

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定融产品越来越受到投资者的青睐,让我们来了解下定融那些事
时间:2020-05-11

2017年以来,一类叫做“定向融资工具”或“定向融资计划”的理财产品逐渐获得了广泛的关注。事实上,此类产品并非新事物,本次获得广泛关注和认可,距离此类产品的诞生,已经有起码四个年头。而较早开展此类业务的天津、浙江、江苏、广东、贵州、辽宁、山东等省市的交易场所,已通过类似方式为实体经济输血多年。进元财富小编就带大家详细了解一下关于定融的那些事。

什么是定向融资?

定向融资工具一般是指依法成立的企事业单位法人、合伙企业或其他经济组织向特定投资者发行,约定在一定期限内还本付息的投融资工具。其本质是经国务院或各地方金融办或人民政府审核批准,以支持实体经济发展为目的,遵守相关法律法规、政策规定开展的促进多层次交易市场发展的业务。金交所的业务资质均需到地方金融办进行备案。

定向融资工具业务属于私募性质,但不是传统意义上的私募基金或私募债券。合格投资者只有注册为各金融资产交易所或金融资产交易中心会员,且经风险测评结果与产品的风险级别相匹配后才能对产品进行认购和受让。同一定向融资计划产品的投资者人数合计不得超过200人。

定向融资工具的发行

定向融资工具采用备案制发行,发行需在金交中心登记备案,并通过金交中心网站或其他方式披露相关进展公告,并由金交中心与受托管理人同时督导发行方按时兑付本息。通常,定向融资工具可分次备案分期发行,并要求发行方提供一定的内外部增信措施。

定向融资工具主要参与的机构有:金交中心、发行方、增信方、承销方(或推荐方)、受托管理人。

产品存续期间根据受托管理协议的约定由受托管理人履行受托义务。产品的本息兑付,将由受托管理人持续跟进执行,金交中心将会进行督导。如遇发行方违约,增信方需要代为偿付或者处置抵质押担保物进行偿付。定向融资计划受托管理人及金交中心,会协助定向融资计划合格投资者向发行方维权,以保障定向融资计划的本息兑付。

定融与信托的区别

1)起投门槛不一样

定融的最低起投门槛一般只需十万,信托的起投门槛原则上是100万起投,甚至三百万起投;

2)收益范围不一样

相同的融资方、担保方以及相同的投资金额比较之下,定融类的产品收益一般要比信托产品的收益高出1-2%,实际情况下,通常会高出2-3%

3)风险集中度不一样

对投资人来说,自己的资金实力是有限的,假设一位投资人只有一百多万的金融资产的话,如果选择投信托,他就只能选择一个信托项目,这样的资产配置就有些类似押宝,风险过于集中;如果是投定融,因为它起投门槛只需要十万,所以投资人可以适当分散到数个项目上,风险也适当分散。投资领域的风险都是相对来说的,低风险不代表无风险。

4)风控措施不一样

即使是相同的融资方和担保方,一般信托类要比定融类的风控措施更好一些,不过差异比较小。就拿政信类的债来说,定融类主要是基于应收账款作为质押,这个也是最主要的风控措施,信托类的往往多一个土地抵押权。从前地方政府出具的担保函形势,现在管理越来越严格后,很难拿到。以前是允许地方政府出面为很多项目做担保,但后来上头有要求不允许地方政府直接去做担保,所以才更多的转变成政府成立政府平台来为一些项目做担保,当政府平台额度不够时,就给它注入资本或者资产等等,另外主动管理类的信托会为具体项目多提供一道保障,但仅做通道类的除外。

定融的优势

一是可以形成合法有效的债权债务关系。各交易场所,在国务院或各省(直辖市、计划单列市)政府和金融办的批复范围内合法合规地进行产品设计,通过交易和备案形成合法有效的债权债务关系;

二是省去了融资过程的部分中间环节。投资人能与融资企业建立直接的债权债务关系,债权关系清晰。投资人既可通过管理人代为维护权利,也可直接、单独地对债权进行追索和主张,避免了资管产品因为法律关系中隔着一道管理人而带来的投资人无法直接有效对融资方实施维权的问题。因此,此类模式基本摆脱了部分传统理财产品主要看管理人而不是底层资产的扭曲判断模式。尤其在国家破刚兑的导向下,信托公司、资管公司等已无法保证每笔投资都能被兑付,所以投资风险已主要取决于融资方和增信方本身的资信,这也使投资回归到了本质,聚焦于底层资产;

三是解决了资质较好企业的融资需求。此类模式为优质企业开辟了一条新的获取资金的通道,各地方金融资产交易中心备案发行的“定向融资计划”“定向融资工具”除需严格审核融资方的各项资质,还款来源,还款能力等,往往还会要求关联主体为产品如期兑付提供无条件不可撤销连带责任担保,且要求发行方办理抵质押相关风控措施,以尽可能保障投资人的本息兑付。

进元财富所整理出来的以上资料,是想告诉广大投资者,此类定向融资产品,解决了严监管下部分优质企业的融资渠道问题,对我国多层次交易市场的形成和发展具有积极的推动作用,也为广大投资者提供了一种门槛相对较低的合法投资渠道。进元财富在这里警示投资者,虽然定融投资投资金额门槛低,不过还是要擦亮双眼选择低风险的产品,项目的安全性始终是放在第一位的。

 


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