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城投违约及对城投未来发展的看法-进元财富
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城投违约及对城投未来发展的看法
时间:2020-04-29

城投非标违约怎么看?

非标被媒体曝出来的违约,对债券市场的估值有影响。这是一个地方债务风险显性化的标志,包含了两方面内容,一是该地偿债能力偏弱,二是债务管控机制不到位。第一点比较好理解,近年来被爆出的非标违约事件,可以看到排在靠前的贵州、云南,对应的债务压力是要大一些,但是这两个省份其实并不是债务率最高的,这就涉及到了第二个债务管控方面的问题。

债务管控也有两个方面,一是城投和地方政府层面,是否认识到对各类债务保障的重要性。比如当前试图改变债务形象的贵州,虽然副省长强调了对公开债保障兑付的态度,但是之后依然不断有非标违约曝出来,使得市场对贵州债务改善的信心并不强,表现为公开市场债券估值压缩不明显。二是有些地方可能并不是没有非标违约,只是没有被媒体曝出来。这种往往需要与债务人妥善做好协商,考验的是城投平台,甚至地方政府的债务意识

2020年城投怎么看?

城投仍在宽松周期中。城投是强周期性品种,周期背后是政策的变化。而政策周期,又是经济的逆周期。也就是说,经济越好时,城投可能越会面临各种规范发展的政策,比如2014年的《关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》(43号文),2016年的《关于印发地方政府性债务风险应急处置预案的通知》(88号文)。这些政策的核心,是切割城投和地方政府的关系,削弱城投信仰,使城投再融资变得困难。债务天然靠滚动,在滚续变难的时候,就会触发整个市场的负反馈。而在经济较差时,地方政府承担了稳经济的重任,对城投的各种规范政策,也会由于基建托底经济的需要,而得到松绑,城投的重要性上升,再融资渠道也会逐步通畅。

所以对2020年城投的看法,最终取决于对经济周期的判断。明年经济可能还有下行压力,基建仍是稳经济的重要手段。在这种情况下,虽然当前有隐性债务不能新增的限制,但是城投存量债务的借新还旧,已经由于《关于防范化解融资平台公司到期存量地方政府隐性债务风险的意见》(40号文)的发布,变得顺畅。各商业银行积极开展隐性债务置换,这个过程我们觉得明年会持续,并且在经济没有真正回暖之前,发生逆转的可能性不大。

城投未来趋势?

一个关键词:分化。一部分被保留,一部分被整合,信仰仍在,另一部分逐步转型,最终走向违约的一定是脱离了城投体系。当前各地区进行的城投整合,比较核心的平台被保留,一些小的、比较边缘的平台,可能会被整合。而另一些平台在积极进行市场化转型,平台内部的隐性债务也并不多。现在这一轮银行隐性债务置换可能会加速这一分化过程,一方面银行置换债务的前提是归属于隐性债务,另一方面因为银行的行为也偏市场化,对一些边缘平台的债务置换可能也并不积极,使得资源向核心平台集中。

城投信仰一直都在,虽然至今暴雷不断,但是也只是在延期的时间长短上,还未出现过投资者损失本金的情况。更能说明选择一个好产品的重要性,可以通过进元财富的风险评估报告去选择一个好的城投平台,把风险降到最低。


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