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城投公司如何盘活存量资产偿还债务
时间:2020-11-20

部分地区处置闲置资产,然后以相应资金化债,也存在以实物抵债的情况。例如《沈阳市辽中区处置闲置国有资产偿还政府性债务工作方案》提到的处置范围包括:已建成回迁安置房剩余房源以及其他闲置国有经营性资产等。而内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟多伦县化债方案则提到:19年二季度的化债方案中,以总价值20701万元的房产进行实物抵顶债务。

多地鼓励以混改及资产证券化方式化债。例如贵州黔南州龙里县提出:“以有序推进混合所有制改革为国有企业投资发展战略突破口”;湖南湘潭市提出:“推进融资平台公司混合所有制改革,采用股权投资等市场手段引入战略投资者,通过优化股权结构、分享经营收益来消化存量债务,减轻政府偿债责任”;内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟多伦县提出:“鼓励国有企业和民营企业混改”。资产证券化方式则是将债权转化为标准化的证券,在资本市场上募集资金并且分散风险。例如广西北海市铁山港区提到“推动资产证券化方式化债”,南京市隐债推进会上也提出:“加快推动国有资产证券化”。

深圳金砖基金方案也属于盘活资产的范围。21世纪经济报道从深圳金砖公用资产管理有限公司获悉,该公司设计了“采用预算绩效能力定价的基础设施特许经营机制,化解地方政府隐性债务”的方案,该方案据称可以化解无运营收入资产对应存量隐性债务。

根据该方案,政府对存量基础设施项目进行预算效能定价,定价后将特许经营权有偿转让给特许经营项目公司,金融机构对特许经营项目公司提供贷款(以特许经营应收账款质押),项目公司收到贷款资金后用于支付特许经营权转让价款,财政再将转让价款收入定向用于化解隐性债务。项目公司获得特许经营权后,政府向项目公司支付服务费用,以作为偿还金融机构贷款的来源。

该方案认为通过这种安排,政府一次性收回资金定向用于公益性项目的隐性债务偿还,后续只要向项目公司按期支付服务费用,有利于债务的平滑;基础设施资产交给项目公司运营可以提高资产的服务效率,带来更多的效益;而金融机构发放贷款也从以前依赖政府信用、评级信用转为按照基础设施服务能力和服务期限来定价。

现实中,特许经营权主要针对有收益的项目,比较典型的项目如高速公路,这类完全通过使用者直接付费的为经营性基础设施。深圳金砖基金的方案提出对非经营性基础设施进行特许经营,思路上有一定借鉴意义,但是该方案也有明显的难点,一是具体怎样对非经营性基础设施特许经营权定价,二是政府该支付多少服务费用。实际操作中很难把握,容易形成新增隐性债务。

进元财富认为地方城投平台始终持有地区大量资源,关键在于存量资产的变现难易度,从这个角度而言经济发达地区城投资产流动性自然要高于相对落后地区,近几年地方城投平台迎来集体偿债高峰,避免隐性债务风险始终是政府头等要务也牵动万千投资人的切身利益,根据进元财富构建的独立风控模型来挑选项目或许能帮助投资人选择更优质的理财产品。

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