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什么是第三方托管?第三方托管安全吗?-进元财富
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什么是第三方托管?第三方托管安全吗?
时间:2020-06-18

许多刚刚接触信托/资管/私募基金的客户,总是担心自己的钱打出去后会不会出什么差错,项目信息真实吗?账号信息正确吗?新闻上金融诈骗闹得人心惶惶,会不会被管理方或者融资人携款潜逃呢?  

事实上,在我国按照法律规定,目前的信托/资管/私募基金均采用强制第三方托管政策。那么,什么是第三方托管?第三方托管能保证资金绝对安全吗?

定义:第三方托管

目前提到第三方托管,比较热的是P2P的三方支付平台托管,通常指投资者在第三方平台开通个人账户。这个同私募的托管有所区别。在私募投资领域,第三方托管顾名思义就是把资金放到管理人、融资人之外的第三方账户,通过对资金划出的管理,避免任何一方秘密转移款项的情况。

钱从哪里来,到哪里去?

梳理一下资金流转过程,有助于我们更好的理解这个三方托管概念。

在信托(资管/私募基金相同,以下略)募集过程中,投资者需要把款项打到一个指定的、全国统一账户中,这个账户称为“募集账户”。投资者可以注意到,这个账户是由管理人在商业银行或券商开具的对公账户,目前大多采取预约进款模式,募集期间投资者先通过理财经理预约确定额度,明确投资意向后进款。如未预约进款出现超募情况,一般还要做退款处理。在募集期间,募集的资金只能存放在该募集账户里面,任何机构和个人都不能动用。

募集结束后,管理方走封账流程。把募集款项从“募集账户”划入“托管账户”,托管人通常为银行或者券商,托管方核实资金到账情况,并向管理人出具到账通知书。管理方出具产品成立公告,一般会在产品成立当天把款项划入融资人账户,资金即日起息。

以上是债券型的信托/资管/私募基金的一般流程,如果是涉及二级市场或者PE基金,由于涉及基金日常的营运费用、业绩提成等,会更复杂一些。这里不做展开。

第三方托管安全吗?

在三方托管机制中,信托公司收取的管理费用由融资方支付,投资者的资金经由“募集账户→托管账户→融资人账户”,参与者分别为管理方(信托公司/资管公司/私募机构)→托管方(银行或券商)→融资方,整个链条清晰明朗,逻辑上来说不存在有一方可以私吞款项的情况。

但进元财富发现,在实践中还是不可避免地存在问题。在债权关系中,管理方通常对款项运行过程不会严密监管,不需要公开披露款项情况,只要定期付息,到期还本即可。三方托管能够有效运转的前提是三方互相独立,不存在裙带关系。由于信托、资管管理人均为机构背景,与融资人联合作弊的可能性极小;但在私募基金中,对私募管理方股东背景并无实质规定,全国大大小小的私募公司经一轮清理后大概还有上万家。例如某集团手握几家私募公司,再成立一些项目公司,然后项目公司通过私募公司募集资金后,资金回流到集团公司,成为事实上的资金池项目。这样的项目风险,恐怕连项目经理也说不清。

在比较信托和契约型基金的区别的过程中,我们反复强调,二者最大的区别在于管理方的不同,原因之一就在这里。

投资者如何确保资金安全?

目前监管层对刚性兑付、借新还旧、资金池等概念的打击态度不言而喻,对投资者而言,要确保自己的资金不至于流入这样的项目中,就必须擦亮双眼,从源头上避开这些风险。

具体来说,一般要把握好这几点就可以:

一、确定自己项目实际上的管理方是信托公司、资管公司、契约型私募基金。由于三者都要走信托通道,有的投资者可能会以为都是信托,一定要通过合同确认。

二、确认募集账户和账号信息(一般由理财经理完成)

三、做好融资方的背景调查。现在企业之间盘根错节,要追究集团关系通常涉及大量的信息确认。这部分通常由您的理财经理代为完成,因此,选一个靠谱的理财经理就尤为重要。关于如何挑选理财经理,我们在如何选信托?

以上是进元财富关于第三方托管的观察和思考,投资者如有交流意向,欢迎随时到进元财富官网查看,进元财富专注固收理财,为您提供独立、专业、可信赖的咨询服务。

 

摘要:此文简单介绍了第三方托管的定义和是否安全,投资者可以如何判别第三方托管的真实性,以此来保障投资的资金安全。


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