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疫情对政信信托业务及地方城投平台的影响-进元财富
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疫情对政信信托业务及地方城投平台的影响
时间:2020-03-13

疫情的发生,对城投公司政策定位的影响不大;对城投公司还款意愿及能力有一定短期影响;对城投公司资金的需求影响不大;预计今年城投企业信用将加速分化:一方面,面临疫情影响下的货币宽松及降准降息政策,优质城投企业融资成本将越来越低;另一方面,城投企业违约事件还将继续增加,特别是贵州、云南等经济较落后、城投企业债务高企且有负面融资新闻传出的区域。

   疫情的发生对城投公司政策定位影响不大

  本文所指的信托公司基础产业业务,是信托公司以地方政府城投公司为交易对手的融资类业务,即传统意义的“政信业务”,此类业务存在的基本逻辑是地方政府的隐性信用背书。对于城投公司的政策定位,最关键的是三点:(1)城投公司是基于政府不规范融资、历史形成的特殊企业,是政府隐性负债的主要承接载体;(2)长期看,城投公司应转型为地方国企,最终与政府信用彻底脱钩,但是需要一个渐进的时间过程;(3)打破“刚兑”是大势所趋,中央对地方债务实行“不救助”原则,城投公司融资并不是无风险套利业务。

  受此次疫情影响最大的是中小型制造企业与服务企业;疫情发生后,可以预见的是国家将实施稳健偏宽松的货币政策与更加积极的财政政策;疫情过后预计将加大对人口流入地区都市圈城市群的基础设施建设,加大对交运、教育、医疗等行业的投资。这些均不涉及城投公司政策预期的改变,反而是一定程度的利好。

  疫情的发生对城投公司还款意愿及能力有一定短期影响

  随着疫情的爆发和蔓延,近期将到期的部分政信项目可能会受到一定影响,存在无法及时兑付的风险。一是目前到期业务可能无法及时兑付。疫情期间,各级政府部门全力抗击疫情,企业延期复工、弹性工作。若此时信托公司基础产业项目到期,可能会受到工作效率影响,产生一定的时滞,影响按期兑付。二是后续到期业务可能没有能力兑付。据财政部消息,截至2月8日下午6点,按照“县级为主、省级兜底”的原则,各级财政共安排疫情防控资金718.5亿元,实际支出315.5亿元。地方财政需要保障的相关经费支出,对于疫情较重的区域财政产生较大的压力。同时,中央财政后期将根据疫情防控需要,继续出台和完善有关财税支持政策,也会影响地方财政的后续收入。三是疫情较重的地区社会经济秩序受到严重影响,可能也会导致其收入下降,影响区域还款能力。借鉴当年的“非典”疫情,本次疫情对房地产销售与投资均带来严重的不利冲击,将极大影响地方政府的基金性收入。

  疫情的发生对城投公司资金的需求影响不大

  城投公司的资金需求主要来自两个方面:一是“借新还旧”,保持流动性;二是新项目的继续投入。城投公司的资金来源渠道是以银行贷款及公开市场发债为主,非标融资仅是其中的补充;在政策导向无明确变化之前,为维持资金有效运转,城投公司依然会有非标融资的需求。疫情发生后,预计政府部门将增加基建投资力度对冲经济下行风险,领域仍将集中在补短板的公路、铁路、城建、物流、生态环保、社会民生,以及5G等。这可能给信托公司参与新型基础设施建设提供一定的机遇。但是,去年颁布的《政府投资条例》、中央对隐性债务的清理、对地方政府违规举债的清理与追责等,将在一定程度抑制地方政府通过城投公司进行的过度融资与投资冲动。

  主要结论:

  1、短期来看,本次疫情的发生对信托公司基础产业业务带来一定的影响,重点关注按期兑付风险;

  2、中长期看,疫情对信托公司基础产业业务影响不大,重点关注中央对城投公司政策定位是否变化。


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