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信托与银行理财的差别-进元财富
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信托与银行理财的差别
时间:2019-12-17

大家平时接触的理财项目,可以说是五花八门,但是大多数人印象里,最最熟知,印象最深的,我想应该就是银行的理财项目了。一提到银行理财,大家的看法可能褒贬不一,有的觉得它安全可靠,风险低,甚至觉得投了不会有事。也有部分人认为银行理财收益低,投资标的不明确等等。那么今天呢,我来给大家讲一讲信托与银行之间关系构成:

首先银行的表外业务(也就是银行理财)80%以上的项目内都有投资于信托的部分,只不过这个部分有大有小,这是什么意思?我给大家解释一下,银行理财属于间接投资,举个例子,一个银行理财项目,投资者们总共认购一个亿,那么这一个亿不会有明确的标的去投资,有可能会呈现出0%-40%投资国债、央行票据;0%-90%投资银行间债券资产;0%-90%投资信托计划等债权类投资,这样的一种投资范围说明。

这个大家可以去每个银行的APP查看银行理财具体项目的投资说明书,里面一项为投资方向会写的很清楚,在下图中给大家展现的是招商银行理财的投资说明。注意很多银行理财项目没有明确说投资信托计划或产品,投资方向里提到的债权类投资就包含着信托计划在内。从这一点也可以简单对比一下银行理财和信托各自的特点:

银行理财实属分散投资,收益低,浮动收益,但相比市场其他产品安全性很高,而信托产品每个有明确的标的,收益比银行理财高,有固定的收益(这里仅指固收类信托),产品安全性能纳入银行理财投资范围可见风险不高,属于稳健性投资

从另一个角度看:

信托产品有大半是通过银行卖出去的(为什么?因为老百姓相信银行,银行知道你存多少钱,没办法这就是优势)。而其中有些银行直接销售信托产品,还有些是商业银行自身的理财资金池产品。但往往客户不清楚自己买的是啥类型的产品,有统计数据指出:90%客户在购买银行理财产品时都没仔细做过风险评估和理财说明书,只信任银行的安全性保障性,这样的投资,在刚性兑付打破的今后,事故只会愈来愈多,学习必要的金融知识,谨慎投资才是对自己财产的负责。言归正传,银行的理财产品收益是4-5%,信托理财产品收益9%左右,其中的的利润差就是银行利用优势赚来的便宜钱。此外银行还要赚大部分发行费。因此银行理财资金占了信托发行规模的1/3

现在银行已经很少公开卖信托产品了,至少我接触到的银行是这样的。因为这样客户就会知道信托这种低风险高收益的产品,银行肯定不愿意;所以除非客户主动要求,不然银行很少会主动推销信托,即使客户问起来,银行代销的信托产品收益率也大大低于信托公司直销,银行美其名曰是产品经过银行的筛选风险更低,但仔细一看就知道不仅收益率低于信托公司直销的,而且基本是小信托公司的。主要原因当然是利益。小信托公司收费便宜,通常仅仅是法律意义上的通道而已,这样利差比较大,品牌好的信托公司银行不愿代销,如果要风险低,为什么只要代销小信托公司的呢?真正出问题了,银行也不会负责的,因为信托公司才是法律意义上的受托人。比如中诚信托30亿矿产风波,项目是工行推荐的,工行赚了4%的发行费,中诚赚的不会超过0.5%,中诚信托不过是银行的通道而已。但出事了,银行把责任撇得干干净净,说自己只是代销,信托公司才是受托人?大家心里应该明白这是怎么回事吧。

当然我没有批判银行或者银行理财,毕竟他降低了投资和理财的门槛与风险,但银行理财产品的资金去向大部分是购买信托和券商资管产品等,也是事实。因此很负责任地跟各位建议:如果资金够得上信托和资管业务的门槛,为何承担相同的风险却又让银行再赚一半走呢?直接去买信托和资管就好了!可能很多人会觉得在银行买踏实,靠谱,实际上,非保本型理财产品占到大多数,其风险直接对应相应的投资标的,并不是银行在给你承担相应的风险而是信托和券商的风险管理机制,之所以银行理财产品兑付好也是因为这两类业务本身兑付非常好,制度的红利给了他们机遇,这就是金融行业的信息不对称。关注资金的去向,非常有用,可能会让您的理财效果翻倍!


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