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中小型城投公司所面临的困境
时间:2020-06-02

一、当前发展困局

(一)偿债机制缺乏,资源整合不充分。城投公司一直以来主要职责为完成地方政府指令性任务,投资建设所形成的各类基础设施和社会公益项目大多属于非经营或准经营项目,这些项目都无收益来源。中小城投公司资产负债率普遍较高、造血功能不足,盈利能力不足,缺乏持续经营动力,且尚未建立一套完善的偿债机制,还债资金难以保障,完全靠扯新债还旧债,资产负债率居高不下。如果不及时处理好这些问题,必将给城投公司的持续发展和后续融资带来诸多风险。

(二)行业政策趋紧。融资渠道不畅。2017年以来,国家陆续出台了系列融资平台管控政策,特别是50号、87号、23号这三个文件的颁布,对城投公司传统的融资渠道和融资模式进一步提出了新的要求,要求防范存量债务资金链断裂,按照”穿透原则”和“还款能力评估原则”。评估城投公司的还款能力和还款来源,防范和化解地方政府债务风险。城投公司融资渠道日渐缩窄。金融机构对资金使用监管日益規范。资金压力大。

(三)经营体制欠缺,健康发展受限。一方面,城投公司主要负责人一般都是由政府部门的领导兼任,政府部门会直接参与城投公司的管理,城投公司大多承接的是政府的指令性任务,盈利性较弱;另一方面城投公司绝大部分业务的开展需要依靠政府,融资需要政府兜底,严重缺乏行业竞争实力。目前城投公司普遍存在政企不分、主业不明、激励机制缺乏、市场化选人用人制度欠缺,核心岗位所需的技术型人才流失等问题。在当前激烈的市场竞争中,城投公司不转型,则很难实现可持续发展的目标。

二、转型主要动因

城投公司转型,即是政策不利变动的改革倒逼。也是在国有资产改革背景下平台朝着市场化、可持续发展的自我救赎。《国务院办公厅转发财政部发展改革委人民银行关于在公共服务领域推广政府和社会资本合作模式指导意见的通知》(国办发(2015)42号)明确指出:“鼓励融资平台与政府脱钩,进行市场化改制,作为社会资本参与PPP项目。”政府融资平台转型成为PPP中合规的社会资本方,是继续保持政府融资平台服务地方政府重大基础设施建设和提供公共服务的有效途径,也是当前政府与市场之间的有效结合点。

由于政策的滞后效应,城投公司在短期内完全剥离政府融资职能的可能性很小,因此,城投公司在很长一段时间内将仍然是地方政府推进城市发展和城镇化水平的重要载体。随着我国城镇化率的提升和城市基础设施建设的不断完善,城市发展阶段已经由重建设向重运营转变,城市运营、城市管理是未来城投公司发展的重大机遇和挑战,城投公司城市运营职能会不断加强。城投公司转型后,进行市场化运作和企业化管理,寻找盈利点,壮大自身的同时更好的服务地方建设。

 

随着近几年来城投平台偿债压力区域集中,中小型城投平台的问题逐渐暴露,不少平台公司陷入了借新换旧的循环,因此市场上不少政信项目存在一定延期兑付的风险。进元财富为此设立了独立的项目评价体系,我们独立审核每一个项目,为投资者提供风险评估报告,规避不合规项目、尽量降低延期风险。


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