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地方隐性债务会如何化解-进元财富
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地方隐性债务会如何化解
时间:2020-11-19

财政部六种债务化解方式。财政部文件中提到六种化债方案,包括安排财政资金偿还;出让政府股权以及经营性国有资产权益偿还;利用项目结转资金、经营收入偿还;合规转化为企业经营性债务;通过借新还旧、展期等方式偿还;采取破产重整或清算方式化解。各地地方政府结合这六种方式并根据实际情况制定具体措施。我们通过梳理各地化债措施了解到:1)不会有新一轮债务置换。2)财政预算是提到最多的化解方式,此外提到较多的还有转为企业经营性债务(包括PPP化债)以及借新还旧、资产出让等。3)极少有地区提到破产清算。4)多采用5-10年时间化解。

30+市县化债方案梳理。

1)财政资金+地方债偿还。一方面通过财政收支两端“开源节流”,通过压缩一般性支出、盘活存量资金、统筹整合专项资金等方式,加大偿债资金预算安排力度。另一方面争取专项债额度帮助化解债务。2)盘活资产偿还。包括处置闲置资产或直接以实物抵债,出让部分政府股权,鼓励以混改及资产证券化方式化债。此外21世纪经济报道称,深圳金砖公用资产管理有限公司设计了“采用预算绩效能力定价的基础设施特许经营机制”化解隐债的方案,用以盘活非经营性基础设施资产,但实际操作中很难把握定价问题,容易形成新增隐性债务。3)项目收入偿还或转企业经营性债务。一些项目运营产生收益和现金流,可用以偿还债务;地方政府还可以通过安排资本金、配置或盘活经营性资产等方式,将政府隐性债务转化为企业债务;在建项目转存量PPP以及违规PPP改正也属于此类。4)金融机构参与债务置换。国开行参与隐性债务化解已有较多报道,但其能提供贷款额度相对有限,国开行特殊定位也可能给市场带来“兜底”错觉,不适合大规模深度参与。去年10月国办发〔2018〕101号文下发后,部分股份行及城商行参与了置换隐性债务的尝试,但规模不大、试点为主。

化债模式总结与思考。

1)严控新增隐债是化债的大前提。针对地方隐性债务严控新增的大原则依旧没变,政策定力非常强。2)隐债的真正化解在于如何偿还。一是地方政府还。背后的逻辑是不少隐性债务是为了建设基础设施和公共服务的项目形成的。由于财政资金及可变现资产有限,最有可能的是优先偿付有预算安排的部分,比如公益性项目以及PPP项目。二是项目或者企业还。除了少部分项目有收益和现金流,还可靠城投自身经营和市场化再融资来逐步消化存量债务,但大多数城投造血能力较差,所以地方政府一般会通过市场化方式,安排资本金、注入经营性资产等方式增强其造血能力。但是有些隐性债务规模大的地方,其实经营性资产已经存在过度融资和抵押,能盘活使用的量不大。三是破产重整或清算,债权人受损。这种情况短期内出现的可能性很低。3)“时间换空间”,债务平滑十分必要。存量地方政府隐性债务的规模庞大,而政府和负债企业支付能力有限,因而用时间换空间的债务平滑措施十分必要。这类措施可以分为展期或延期、债务置换两种,后者需要考虑金融机构的动力和意愿,对商业银行而言,缓解重要客户流动性困难、增加信贷投放规模、保持和地方政府良好合作等都可能是其参与隐债置换的原因。

 

进元财富长期以来对城投平台债务进行持续研究,目前城投平台有息负债标准化、短期化趋势十分明显。随着越来越多的政信项目陆续爆冷,投资人在购买城投平台理财产品是越来越需要参考项目底层资产的质量或是采纳可靠理财师的专业判断。

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