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城投平台有息负债的短期化和债券化-进元财富
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城投平台有息负债的短期化和债券化
时间:2020-08-26

最近发现越来越多城投的有息债务呈现非常明显的两个特征:一是短期化,二是债券化。

短期化是指,在整个有息债务中,短期债务的占比越来越高。目前来看,可能有几方面的原因:

一是上一轮债务扩张(15-16年)时期,一些长期债务逐步到期,如大量的交易所3+2债券逐步迎来行权回售期,而在17-18年金融去杠杆时期,城投及时补充长期限债务的难度提升;

二是过去两年的政府性债务置换,一些被纳入到一类债务的期限较长的银行贷款、非标和债券等先后被置换完毕,而没有置换的逐步进入偿付期,以及考虑一些非标到期难以续借;

三是随着隐性债务整顿、城投再融资政策收紧,部分资质较弱的城投,难以发行期限较长债券,以及考虑银行间融资条件宽松,一些城投接而选择期限较短的SCPCP等。

债券化是指,在整个有息债务中,债券所占的比重越来越高,特别是不少城投的长期有息债务中,存量债券规模和所占比重逐年攀升,甚至出现某个城投长期债务全部是债券的情况。

可能原因跟债务的短期化有一定重叠:前期城投上报的一类债务大多是银行贷款和非标, 这两年随着一类债务逐步置换完毕,债券存量越来越高;而监管对于银行和非标进入投融资平台的控制越来越强,部分城投不得不续发交易所或者银行间更高票息的债券借新还旧;但由于债务负担重和市场原因难以发出长债,只能被动发行CP或者SCP滚动,甚至找结构化的做交易所短期限私募债。

有息债务的短期化一定程度上加重了城投的流动性风险,毕竟频繁到期的各类债务,需要更加精确的流动性管理和资金调拨能力。而有息债务的债券化,无论是被动还是主动原因,都表明城投公司对债券市场的依赖提升。

进元财富认为,随着2020年及2021年新一轮的城投平台有息负债到期高峰来临,越来越多的城投平台存量债务将不得不通过各类途径进行置换,债务短期化、债券化将是未来平台发展的趋势,但同时区域内主要平台与次要平台之间会出现不同程度的分化,投资者尤其需要警惕中小平台偿债压力扩大的风险。

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