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市场上许多的政信信托，投资者该怎么判别是纯政信类信托-进元财富
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市场上许多的政信信托，投资者该怎么判别是纯政信类信托
时间：2020-08-07

信托从法律上来说是一种信任-委托关系，但从信托投资的层面来说，目前信托投资放款本质上是一种借贷关系，区别于股权投资，信托作为债权人，按照约定利息把资金借给融资人，融资人到期后还本付息，期间不享受项目产生的超额红利，面临风险的时候也优先于股权投资人，获得资产处理之后的利益分配。解了这一点，政信信托的概念就不难掌握，进元财富认为，对于投资者来说，可以从以下几个方面界定一个产品是否为政信信托。

1、资金到哪里去-融资人股东背景

对于界定政信类信托，最重要的一点是界定“钱是否借给了政府”。目前我们国家已经禁止政府部门直接通过信托融资，一般的融资方式即通过政府部门100%控股的当地国有企业融资。因此，首先要确认融资主体的股东背景，是否为100%国有独资，控股股东是否为当地政府部门。

进元财富在之前的某个项目的分析中就提示过投资者，该项目看上去是一个路桥项目，投资于融资人对政府的应收账款，但仔细查阅就能发现，融资人并无政府股东背景。因此，该项目并不应该归为政信项目。

2、资金用来做什么-资金用途

政信类信托由于是政府融资，大部分用来用于路桥建设、还建房/棚户区改造、高新特色产业园、学校医院等公共设施修建等。资金用于民生工程，一般来说能够得到财政拨款支持，还款违约可能性更低。

3、 还款来源/风控措施

政信项目常见的还款来源为上级财政支持和融资人筹资现金流。风控措施里面，由于是政府融资，土地抵押是常见的风控措施。另一个重要的风控措施即应收账款确权质押或者转让，确立了政府作为应收账款债务人，负有还款义务。且应收账款质押后，政府回款资金直接进入信托公司监管账户，更有保障。

4、 支持文件

支持文件这一块，传统上有“三件套”的说法，即当地政府提交决议文件+人大决议文件+财政局纳入预算文件。但由于监管日益严格，三件套齐全的项目必定会越来越少。

综上所述，对于界定政信信托，进元财富认为最重要的是界定“钱借给谁”，即界定当地政府有无还款义务。另外要确定，“钱从哪里来”，即直接还款来源。这两点基本可以确定一个项目是否为政信项目，可以区别于一般的国企融资。而资金用途用于民生+政府支持文件则是有力的加分项。

进元财富在卖政信类信托产品上已经有多年经验，现在不仅会有专门的风控团队得出风险评估报告，还会给投资者高额的返点，让投资者得到最大的收益。

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