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投资人耳熟能详的底层资产到底是什么?
时间:2020-07-22

自改革开放以来我国的经济基本面呈现一片欣欣向荣、积极向上的态势,人民的口袋是越来越鼓了,财商也开始慢慢觉醒,“你不理财,财不理你”的观念早已深入人心。

在信托、资管还是刚兑的时代,有一大波及时上车的投资人赚了一大笔,但是自从2018年颁布了《资管新规》,打破刚兑之后,闭眼买项目的时代结束了,投资人必须丰富自己理财知识,学会辨别项目风险。

于是近两年投资者听到理财师说的最多的一个词可能就是“穿透底层资产”,那么到底什么是底层资产?为什么要穿透底层资产?今天小简就给您解释一下。

一、底层资产是什么

201511月,中央国债登记结算有限责任公司发布《关于增强全国银行业理财信息登记要素等事项的通知》,首次明确了底层资产的类别及定义。

底层资产划分为15类,其中主要是金融资产,分别是现金及银行存款、货币市场工具、债券、理财直接融资工具、新增可投资资产、非标准化债权类资产、金融衍生品、代课境外理财投资、商品类资产、另类资产、公募基金、私募基金和产业投资基金。

近年来发布的监管法规中也多次提及信托计划、券商资管计划、基金专户要穿透底层资产。

二、为什么要穿透底层资产?

简单来说,穿透底层资产的最终目的就是确保项目的真实性和安全性,这是至关重要的。比如你去超市买一袋奶粉,表面看起来都是白的,但是拿到实验室去一检测,哪些是真的含蛋白质,哪些是添加了三聚氰胺伪装成蛋白质,一目了然。

理财产品也是如此,最终呈现到投资人眼前的都是包装完毕的项目,但是在琳琅满目的项目中,哪些是真的好项目,哪些是以次充好,哪些是假项目,我们都需要用X光照一照才能发现它们的真面目,从而避免资金被期限错配、混合运作等暗箱操作,起到管控风险、保护投资者利益的目的。

这个过程就叫做穿透底层资产。

穿透可以分为向上穿透和向下穿透,向上穿透的主要是投资者,这一步骤是为了筛选投资者是否合格;向下穿透主要是监管产品的资金流向和底层资产的流动性风险情况。

三、信托中的底层资产

金融的本质就是配置资产和资本的工具,在不同的金融产品中底层资产的含义有略微的差异,如果我们把资产管理计划的范围收窄到信托,底层资产则代表你的钱究竟投到了哪些资产里面,我们需要根据不同的资产性质、资产体量来评估投资的安全性。

补充说明:资金池项目的资金用途大多表述如下——

投资领域主要为流动性资产,包括但不限于同业存款、债券逆回购等;融资类资产,主要指资质良好企业作为借款人的优质贷款;金融机构产品及其他类资产;证券公司发行的资产管理计划;基金专项子公司发行的资产管理计划;金融机构信贷资产;特定资产收益权。

这样模糊不清的表述,基本上就很难看清自己的钱究竟投资到哪里去了。例如投资到定向增发,参与的是哪家上市公司呢?股票基本面如何,增发价格合适吗?投资到债券基金中,会不会遇到违约债券呢?期限上6~24个月不等,如何保证项目到期时所投资的资产也能顺利退出呢?有太多太多问题无法得到答案。

因此,不论是信托还是其他理财投资,只有底层资产是清晰可靠的,没有层层叠叠的嵌套,一眼就能看到资金用途,才能在发生风险时迅速启动应急机制,控制风险,从而获得相对的安全稳健。

所以选择项目要看从分析清楚底层资产,也就是研究透此项目的安全性,进元财富就针对底层资产,进行了多方面的研究得出了可靠客观的风险评估报告,提供给广大投资者参考。

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