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如何辨别纯政信项目
政信项目、政信定融 时间:2020-06-12

事实上,在实际操作中,很多投资人辨别不清什么是纯政信项目。有些融资公司不是平台公司而是一般经营性国企,所谓的政府背书可能存在望文生义而来的误会。那么本文就讨论一下如何辨别纯政信项目?

什么是纯政信项目?

由于政府不是经济行为主体,政信类项目中,政府一般会通过由政府控股的平台公司进行融资,再由政府控股的国企担保。那么,如何区分“纯政信”和一般的国企流动资金贷款呢?通过总结历年政信项目特点,符合以下三大特点的才能称为“纯政信”项目:

1、股东背景

融资主体和担保主体的控股股东是政府或者国家机关。

2、 主营业务

判断一个企业的性质主要看主营业务,一般而言,至少基础设施建设、工程代建、棚户区改造等民生工程应该占主营业务的大部分,才能称为“城投平台”。

3、 资产情况

平台公司的资产构成也很重要,一般来说,公司流动资产由存货、其他应收款和应收账款构成,投资者可以从这几项来进行分析。平台公司应该主要是跟政府部门,以及其他政府平台之间存在往来款项。所以应收账款和其他应收账款的债务人,一般为财政局、住建局这类政府部门或者相关机构,或者是其他的城投企业。

上述三大特点,实际上围绕着一个中心,即“政府作为还款人或者债务人的身份”来展开。投资者可以比对上述特点,避免一些打着政信旗号实际是普通的国企平台流贷项目。

纯政信为什么安全?

1、城投平台绑定了政府信用。

现在我国实行的是官员终身问责制,我国政府是绝不可能赖账。在我国的政党体制中政府信用几乎可以和国家信用划等号。如发生问题,一盘点平台资产主要是来自政府和其他财政部门的应收账款,无论如何都是有人来接管处理的,顺着这条线就可以去找政府。

2、违约代价太大

但凡当地有一家城投违约了,那么全省的再融资环境都会受到极大的影响。任何一个区域想要发展经济都必须依靠融资这一手段。在国家经济下行压力较大的现在基建依然是稳定经济的重要手段。项目展期,但是决不会不兑付,这就是政信的底气。

3、能够穿透底层资产

政信项目有别于其他金融产品的最大特点就是能够穿透底层资产。而城投公司的业务就是城市基础设施建设、土地整理与开发、水电煤等国有资产运营等民生工程,项目一般都是有政策扶持,有百利而无一害,利国利民。凡是纯政信的资金用途都是非常安全可靠。

经营性国企和平台公司的区别

经营性国企定义:经营性国企的经营目标是以市场为导向,通过出售商品或者服务实现利润最大化。如果由于特殊情况,这类企业不得不履行一些公共职能,则由此造成的损失,由国家财政给予补偿。经营性国有企业基本上是自主经营、自负盈亏。所以在面对债务风险时,是风险自担。

平台公司定义:地方政府融资平台公司指由地方政府及其部门和机构等通过财政拨款或注入土地、股权等资产设立,承担政府投资项目融资功能,并拥有独立法人资格的经济实体。政府平台一般都是由中央或地方人民政府、财政局控股。

我们为什么要区别这两者?

经营性国企自负盈亏,往往有更大的决策空间,但是,政府信誉和企业信誉不能绑定,一旦违约,政府不可能进行兜底,也没有救助义务。相反的是,平台公司是承担当地政府投融资功能的实体,平台一旦出问题,便会涉及到政府的切身利益,政府有动力出现协调。

如何分析这两类项目

区别了纯政信和经营性国企后,如何分析项目就更容易一些。这二者相应产品的投资逻辑、风控要点都不同。在现实中,投资者要先将经营性国企和平台公司进行区分,区分了二者区别之后,不同类型的公司要进行不同角度的分析。如果是经营性国企,就要看主营业务收入、现金流量表、资产负债表;如果平台公司,就要重点考察地方财政实力,城投公司与政府的亲疏关系。

进元财富官网上所售产品均为纯政信项目,分别有政信类信托和政信类定融产品,产品安全性不言而喻。虽然纯政信产品非常安全,但是进元财富也会优中选优,进行风险评估分享给广大投资者。


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