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拨开信仰看城投公司资产构成
时间:2020-06-01

城投公司主营业务不同,相应的其报表特征也不仅相同。根据中债的城投债划分标准,城投债发行人的主营业务包含但不限于公益性或准公益性项目。因此,接下来,我们将区分主营业务是公益性项目的城投公司和主营业务是准公益性项目的城投公司进行分析。

城投公司资产端,主要的资产有存货、应收和预付款项、固定资产、在建工程、无形资产等。

城投公司的存货主要有开发成本、拟开发土地、工程施工、开发产品、库存商品、原材料、周转材料、低值易耗品等。根据主营业务的不同,城投公司的主要存货也不尽相同。

对于主营业务为公益性项目的城投公司,其主要存货是开发成本、拟开发土地、工程施工。存货价值一般非常大,占总资产的比重平均值在50%左右,往往是城投公司最主要的资产项目。有一些城投公司存货占总资产的比重甚至达到了90%以上

对于主营业务为准公益性项目的城投公司,其主要存货是原材料。存货价值也不是很大,占总资产的比重较小。尤其是一些主营业务是高速公路投资与运营的城投公司,存货占总资产的比重大多在1%以下

应收和预付款项包含应收账款、预付款项、其他应收款、长期应收款。对于主营业务是准公益性项目的城投公司,应收和预付款项多为相关应收费用,金额占总资产的比重不是很大。而对于主营业务是公益性项目的城投公司,其应收和预付款项的客户多以政府部门为主,金额占总资产的比重也较大,是主要的资产项目之一。因此,本部分接下来主要分析主营业务是公益性项目的城投公司的应收和预付款项。此外,值得注意的是,一般情况下,城投公司对客户为政府部门、事业单位、关联方的应收账款、其他应收款、长期应收款是不计提坏账准备的。

应收账款核算的主要是已完工项目尚未收回的工程款,客户主要有政府部门、事业单位、关联方。一些城投公司应收账款在总资产中的占比非常高,面临较大的资金占用压力。

其他应收款经常戏称为企业的“垃圾桶”、“万花筒”,那些区分不清或不能列入其他科目一般均记入该科目内,城投公司的其他应收款主要包括各类往来款、支付的保证金、押金等,其中往来款一般是城投公司借给其他企业或政府的资金。一些城投公司的其他应收款较大。

主营业务为准公益性项目的城投公司固定资产和在建工程较多,是最主要的资产项目。具体来说,主营业务为公共交通建设运营项目的城投公司,其固定资产主要有交通路线及配套设施、管理系统、机械设备、交通运输设备、房屋及建筑物、办公设备及其他,在建工程也多为交通配套设施;主营业务为公共服务项目的城投公司,其固定资产主要有机器设备、房屋及建筑物、土地资产,在建工程也多为热力、燃气等配套设施。城投公司固定资产过大,导致资产总流动性较弱。

城投公司的无形资产多为土地使用权、相关收费权,其中,主营业务为公益性项目的城投公司,其无形资产多为土地使用权,而主营业务为准公益性项目的城投公司,其无形资产多为相关收费权。此外,个别城投公司还有采矿权、海域使用权等。城投公司无形资产大,就导致资产整体流动性弱。

进元财富以城投平台实际资产与负债状况为基础,根据项目涉及的融资方与担保方审计后财报,建立了项目延期风险评估体系。在城投平台改革推进的当下,政信项目越来越需要注重底层资产的情况,在确保高收益高返点的同时,项目安全性也显得尤为重要。


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