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信托合同为什么不能承诺“保本保收益”?-进元财富
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信托合同为什么不能承诺“保本保收益”?
时间:2020-01-17

一、这是银监会金融监管的要求

  2004126日,中国银监会在其官方网站公布,已于近日下发《严禁信托投资公司信托业务承诺保底的通知》(下称“《通知》”)。这是银监会对信托业的又一次规范。2002718日起施行的《信托投资公司资金信托管理暂行办法》第4条称,信托投资公司办理资金信托业务时应遵守“不得承诺信托资金不受损失,也不得承诺信托资金的最低收益”等规定。

  不仅信托合同如此,银行理财产品也是如此。也是2004年底,银监会曾经下达文件,规定商业银行的人民币理财类等投资产品不能够承诺保底收益,更不能承诺固定收益。

  

二、从法律关系看,信托公司是投资和融资平台,不是用钱的人

每一笔信托项目都不是信托公司在用钱,要为本金安全和收益承担责任的应该是用钱的企业。说到底,信托公司是融资方和资金方的中介(只不过是非常专业的中介),中介收取佣金,但我们不能要求中介对资金安全和收益承担法律责任。信托公司的专业之处在于,信托公司要履行尽职调查,披露投资价值和进行风险管理。把每一项信托计划的投资价值进行分析、披露,同时说明风险控制措施,除了融资方要承担法律责任外,还要求第三方担保或者有充足的抵质押物来化解风险等等。真正担任起了“受人之托、代人理财”的角色。2001年《信托法》颁发和2007年《信托公司管理办法》、《信托公司集合资金信托计划管理办法》正式实施,信托业通过严格和规范管理而走上了迅速发展的光明大道。并且自2001年《信托法》成立至今,信托投资者购买融资类信托产品,均能100%收获本息。

 

信托公司对信托计划的财产有6大风控增信措施:

 1、抵押担保(土地、房产)并且抵押率一般不超过50%

 2、质押担保(股权-常见的为上市公司股权和未上市金融股权、债权类-常见为政府的债权或应收帐款)如遇上市公司流通股则质押率控制在40%以下并设置平仓线和预警线;

 3、连带责任担保(审核连带责任担保人资产一定具备担保资格);

 4、优先次级结构化(若赢利-优先投资者的资金做为优先投资方享受优先盈利、若亏损-次级融资方或者其它机构资金做为次级投资方享受优先亏损,以保证优先投资者的资金安全垫付);

 5、股权控制(信托公司作为第三方直接控股融资方(借钱人)或项目公司的所有股权,如出现融资方(借钱人)还不上本金及利息的时候可以立即在不需要任何公证的情况下直接处置融资方或项目公司的资产来进行变现并还本付息;

 6、每发行一款信托计划,信托公司都必须做到尽职调查,然后交由银保监会一一审核,审核通过后信托计划才允许发行;且信托法规定:因信托公司的原因造成投资者(委托人)财产受到损失的,将由信托公司的固有资产进行赔偿;信托公司注册资本不得低于人民币3亿元、净资本不得低于2亿元人民币(目前实际注册资本均10亿元以上,资产50亿元以上)。


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