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打破刚兑,信托产品该如何购买?
时间:2019-12-09

近几个月来,上市公司、房地产等行业信托成了爆雷的重灾区。频频踩雷,不仅让信托公司的投研能力受到了质疑,更让投资人对信托产品的信心产生了动摇。

 

  相关专家认为,对于广大投资者信托依然是个好的选择,并且建议投资者在自己风险承受能力范围内,对选择的信托产品做出理性的判断。

 

  信托依然是好选择

 

  根据中国信托业协会发布的《2019年三季度信托业发展评析》显示,截至2019年三季度末,信托行业风险项目数量1305个,规模为4611.36亿元,风险率增至2.10%,较年初一季度末提升了0.84个百分点。这主要源于去年金融“去杠杆、强监管”政策下,银行表外资金加速回表,同时平台公司举债受到限制,企业现金流相对紧张,部分信托公司展业比较激进,信用下沉较大,导致逾期甚至违约事件增多。

 

  “信托在资产管理类产品中属于高收益型的,一般收益都在年化6%-10%之间。” 武汉科技大学金融证券研究所所长董登新表示,“这种高收益产品来源于更高的风险溢价。因此,对于有风险承受意愿和能力较高的投资者来说,信托产品还是比较好的选择”。

 

  “信托公司作为正规金融机构,有银保监会的监督管理;信托业还有相关法律法规进行规范,而且相关的配套金融设施较为齐全,这些都有利于保障投资者合法权益;总体来看,信托产品还是一种相对风险可控的金融产品。”长安信托董事长高成程表示。

 

  放弃“刚性兑付”幻想

 

  从2014年中诚信托30亿“诚至金开1号”未能按期兑付,信托产品拉开了违约的序幕。直至2017年江苏信托、中信信托等多家信托机构发生逾期后,信托投资者的刚兑“信仰”一去不复返了。

 

  “刚性兑付是一种伪投资理念,信托投资者在选择和购买信托产品时要能够自己做出判断,识别项目风险;同时,现在监管政策要求逐步打破刚性兑付。”高成程表示,“因此盲目要求信托公司进行刚性兑付既违背了政策的要求,也不符合金融的规律”。

 

  2018年出台的《资管新规》对“刚性兑付”等多个问题做出了全面规范。有分析认为,在此之前,部分资管产品采取预期收益率模式,基础资产的风险不能及时反映到产品的价值变化中,投资者不清楚自身承担的风险大小。而打破刚性兑付就是让投资者在明晰风险、尽享收益的基础上自担风险。

 

  在近日举办的中国信托业2019投资者教育活动上,信托投资者甘嘉对记者表示:“在购买信托产品之前,我会意识到自己购买的产品有可能出现亏损。”

 

  中盛律师事务所高级合伙人李佳表示:“信托行业以及整个资管行业都应该恪守‘卖者尽责、买者自负’的原则。只要信托公司真实披露相关风险,并且确实做到了风险匹配和勤勉尽责,那么投资者就应该为自己的购买的信托产品负责”。

 

  详细了解项目情况

 

  “我会认真评估并了解自己的财产实力、信托公司的背景以及产品的情况,并根据自己希望到达的收益与承担的风险,购买相应的信托产品,而不是盲目根据收益率的高低进行选择。”甘嘉表示,“为了降低发生亏损的概率,除了详细了解书面材料外,我还会与家人到项目所在地进一步了解项目的具体情况”。

 

  信托投资者魏女士告诉记者,对于信托公司推介给自己的产品,她会自己根据对行业、地域熟悉程度等进行筛选,并结合收益率等再做出是否购买的判断。

 

  高成程认为,作为普通信托投资者要认真关注项目的基本情况,比如:融资方的现金流、市场影响力、抵质押措施关键信息,这些信息都有利于投资者判断和识别项目的风险。

 

  “在选择信托产品前,投资者应该考虑基础资产、项目增信举措、管理人能力、收益率水平等因素。”资深信托研究员袁吉伟表示,“首先要看信托资金的运营对象,诸如是房地产企业还是工商企业,进而来评判交易对手的经营情况、财务情况、融资项目情况以及偿债能力;增信举措主要看下保证人的实力、抵质押物价值等方面;管理人方面主要看其专业团队人员经验、过往项目逾期及处置情况等;收益率方面,并不是收益率越高越好,要跟同类产品进行比较。一些信息会在信托推荐书中披露,只不过披露的不多,对于需要进一步了解的,个人投资者可以找销售产品的人员询问”。

 

  规范流程保护投资者权益

 

  近两年来,许多信托投资者明显感觉到,信托业监管变得越来越严了。其中就包括了“问卷填写”与“双录”等环节越来越复杂。


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