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如何看懂信托尽调里的各种数据?
时间：2020-09-11

买信托产品有很多坑，其中最重要的坑就是“突出一点，不及其余”。例如，一些产品在宣传时，会重点突出融资方是省属国有企业、融资方是上市公司的子公司、融资方的实际控制人是首富等(为了避免不必要的麻烦，此处不点出具体项目名称)。这些特点的确是一个信托产品风险低的重要特征，但是一个信托产品的风险高低是由很多因素决定的，对风险高低的判断应该是基于多种因素综合评判得出。

 

即使融资方是省属国有企业，但是资产负债率非常高，例如超过80%，那么风险仍然很高。

 

即使融资方是上市公司的子公司，但是实力很强的上市公司主体并没有给融资方提供担保，那么风险仍然很高。

 

即使融资方的实际控制人是首富，但是给出的质押物为非上市公司股权，而且质押率很高，例如超过90%，那么风险仍然很高。

 

换句话说，省属国有企业也好，上市公司子公司也好，首富也好，只有当他们代表的实力有效地传递给此次融资，并通过数字即财务指标来体现时，才能将其作为一个有效降低风险的因素。

 

我们之所以把省属国有企业当作优点，是因为省属国有企业一般净资产高、资产负债率合理。如果净资产低，或者资产负债率奇高，那么财务指标就说明，对于此项目来说，这个优点实际上是不存在的。

 

我们之所以把上市公司当作优点，是因为上市公司一般实力强大、经营稳定，能够提供稳定的信用担保作用。如果上市公司主体不能提供担保，其优秀的财务指标没有传递给融资方，那就说明此项目与上市公司实力强大并没有关联。

 

我们之所以把首富当作优点，是因为首富有钱，有优质资产，能够用优质资产提供保障。如果提供的资产质量不好，而且质押覆盖率不够，那就说明此项目享受不到首富的优势。

 

总之，一切需要靠数字来说话。不管关联方背景多么强大，如果不能通过担保、抵质押、应收账款等形式将其实力直接传递到此次融资，那么就等于零。这时，我们应该忽略掉这些表面看起来有关，但实际上不会起作用的特点，而是应该看项目本身相关的财务指标。

 

不过，看财务指标是个技术活，一般没有财务知识的人很难看明白，同时，看财务指标还是个体力活，从上百页的尽调报告中逐一查询计算融资方、担保方和抵质押物的财务数据，费时费力费眼睛。从庞杂的财务数据中，得出一个总体性的结论来判断风险高低，对于非专业人士来说，更是一桩难以完成的任务。

 

当然，进元财富为了能更快的让投资者能简单清楚的看清当地财政、融资方、担保方的财务指标，特意书写了更为简易的风险评估报告，从而投资者再也不用在信托公司上百页的尽调报告中查询，还能通过进元财富客观的风险评估报告选择更好的产品。

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