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52家信托公司成绩单全览:行业受托规模回升至21万亿,平安信托净利润过40亿-进元财富
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52家信托公司成绩单全览:行业受托规模回升至21万亿,平安信托净利润过40亿
信托公司 时间:2023-05-11


       统计,截至5月3日,52家信托公司已正式发布2022年报。相比2021年共计35家信托公司净利润实现正增长,今年这一数据大幅缩水至18家。


       业绩延续分化之外,整体承压似乎更能概括为信托行业的年度“关键词”,即便是头部公司,营利同比告负者也不在少数。


       就净利润(以合并利润表下的归母净利润为主,下同)规模来看,2022年,行业前三强中平安信托首次站上40亿大关,达到41.56亿元,为行业唯一净利过40亿的信托公司;中信信托和建信信托净利润规模则分别达到30.12亿元和24.73亿元。


       但从同比增速来看,三巨头中,仅建信信托保住了“营利双增”局面,平安信托虽净利同比大增46.97%,但营收下滑16.5%;中信信托则喜提“双降”剧本,营收下滑超过25%。


       三巨头的这一窘境基本呈现出了业内业绩普降的特点。


       2021年,8家信托公司净利润超过20亿元;但2022年,除三巨头外,仅华润信托一家净利润在20亿元以上,但华润信托的营利同比双降,且净利润下滑超过30%。


       与此同时,净利润在10-20亿元区间的信托公司也有六成出现营利双降,分别为江苏信托、五矿信托、粤财信托、上海信托、光大信托和中融信托。


       整体上看,2022年,52家信托公司净利润平均数为6.45亿元,较2021年(有数据统计的,下同)同比下降35.82%;营业收入的平均数为21.48亿元,较2021年同比减少12.33%。


       对于业绩下滑原因,翻阅各家年报来看,提到的因素也几乎大同小异。


       此前,中国信托业协会发布《2022年度中国信托业发展评析》中曾总结到,2022年,行业层面净利润持续呈现负增长的原因主要来自于信托业务收入的大幅下滑和投资收益的持续缩水。


       一方面,2022年股市波动较大叠加年尾债市深度调整,导致信托公司公开市场证券投资收益和金融机构股权投资的分红收益下降明显;另一方面,近年来信托行业正步入创新转型深水区,新旧动能转换阶段系统建设和团队人员配置的成本费用明显上升,也在一定程度上稀释了净利润水平。


       此外,补充到,2022年作为资管新规正式实施的首年,在行业风险资产持续暴露下,不少信托公司加大了资产减值计提力度,一定程度上也削弱了盈利水平。


       全行业业绩普降之下,仍有12家信托公司的营收、净利润同比实现了正增长便显得尤为可贵。


       例如,山西信托2022年净利润实现3706万元,居52家公司第46名,但净利润增速高达47.39%,居净利增速榜首位;而国民信托、英大信托、金谷信托以及华鑫信托的净利润和营收同比增速则纷纷达到10%以上。


       国民信托在年报中总结称,公司经营取得积极成效,主要在于内部资源整合协同效率的提升,风险管理的强化,业务转型的加快以及公司金融科技支持和系统建设力度的加强。截至2022年末,国民信托管理信托资产规模2404.86亿元,较2021年底提升29.67%,其中资产服务类信托占比超过6成;全年新增信托项目367个,新增规模944.82亿元。


       此外,英大信托母公司国网英大也提到,报告期内,英大信托坚持服务实体经济,坚持市场化方向,不断做强做优做专做精信托业务。据悉,2022年,英大信托服务电网信托业务规模超过6600亿元,服务电网主业落地“双碳”专项融资184亿元,为“白鹤滩-江苏”重点特高压工程提供融资125亿元。


“信托公司业绩分化明显,跟信托公司战略定位、股东背景及资源禀赋高度相关,有的信托公司历史包袱较小,转型比较顺利;有的信托公司具有强大的股东资源,其他公司难以复制。预计短期内,这种趋势还会持续”在帅国让看来。


值得一提的是,尽管2022年信托公司业绩承压与分化成为共识,但从各家受托管理的信托资产规模变动来看,全行业信托资产规模正在企稳回升,结构持续优化。


据中国信托业协会披露,截至2022年4季度末,全行业信托资产规模达到21.14万亿元,同比增长5893.44亿元,增幅为2.87%。


而在此次发布年报的52家信托公司中,已有22家实现了信托资产规模增长,其中18家同比增速在10%以上,紫金信托、华鑫信托以及中诚信托增速更是分别达到了170.12%、62.16%和61.04%。


信托专家认为,行业信托资产规模重回21万亿元体现出了信托较强的发展韧性,同时行业发展定位也逐渐明晰,新兴业务精彩纷呈。当前,行业地产、非标业务规模压降仍在持续,但标准化产品开展如火如荼,部分信托公司开展与地方城投及金融机构合作,积极参与到地方中小民营企业纾困的工作中去外,还充分发挥了信托的制度优势,积极参与特殊资产的处置。


这其中,头部信托公司展现出强劲的业务腾挪能力,而部分前期运行稳健、历史包袱不重且积极转型的腰部信托公司同样也实现了快速发展,力求在新时期进入第一梯队。


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