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如何快速读懂私募基金合同?
城投债 时间:2023-04-16

       私募基金合同页数多、段落长,对于刚接触基金的投资者来说如何快速的在几十页基金合同中找到关键内容,了解产品设计情况,对于投资者的投资决策而言具备重要意义。


       私募基金合同的核心章节包含了所有私募产品核心条款及要素设置。投资者在阅读时可以把握重点章节,下面将详细阐述。


       一、基础名词释义


       私募基金合同内所有名词的基础解释在释义部分我们可以清楚知道,一般而言,“释义”将会集中提供基金合同关键字的线索,对于投资者快速查阅基金的要素信息和关键条款十分有帮助。


       二、基本情况


       基金的基本情况中对本基金的名称、类型、运作方式、投资目标和投资范围等进行了简单的说明,以及包含基金涉及的托管机构和其他服务机构,风险收益特征等。


       三、申购、赎回及转让条款


       基金份额的申购、赎回对所有申购、赎回及转让相关事宜作出了规定,包括申赎开放日期、份额锁定期、申赎确认规则、赎回金额限制、申购和赎回费用及份额的计算方式,条款的设置直接影响私募基金投资者资金进出的效率。


       四、投资范围及限制


       私募基金的投资充分说明了该产品的投资目标、可投资品种范围、投资策略、投资限制、风险评级、基金经理信息。对产品所投的底层资产、投资策略、风控标准等方面进行综合评价。


       五、估值和会计核算


       基金财产的估值和会计核算中说明了产品估值的原则,包括估值的目的、时间、依据、对象、估值方法、估值程序、估值错误处理。私募基金的估值方式决定了产品净值是否能够真实反映产品的损益情况,投资者,尤其是受估值方式影响较大的债券策略、场外衍生品策略产品投资者应当重点关注本段。


       六、产品费用与税收


       基金的费用与税收部分规定了产品费用的计提规则,包括管理费、托管费、外包服务费、业绩报酬及其他或有费用。


       通常情况下,管理费、托管费及外包服务费等产品运营费用采用每日计提、季度支付的形式,该部分费用在净值计算的过程中作为应付负债已被扣除。其他或有费用则通常规模较小,一般作为当期费用从基金财产中支付,对投资者几无影响。


       七、分红规则


       基金的收益分配规定了私募基金产品分红的形式,包括基金利润的构成、分配原则、分配方式等,管理人对于具体分红的操作通常具有较大的自主裁量权。对于产品现金流情况较为关注的投资者需认真阅读本段。


       私募基金合同除上述需要重点关注章节外,其他章节内容是关于权利义务的制式条款,通常情况下不对投资者的具体投资造成影响,可以根据投资者的需求进行选择性阅读。具体包括:


       (1)【五、基金份额的募集】:明确本私募基金的募集机构,销售的方式和对象、认购的程序等。


       (2)【六、基金的成立与备案】:阐明私募基金成立和备案所需要的有关事项,标准化的操作。


       (3)【十、基金份额的登记】:明确外包机构的信息、职能及义务。


       (4)【十二、基金的财产】:明确私募基金财产保管与处分、财产相关账户开立及管理的规则。


       (5)【十三、交易及清算交收安排】:明确募集结算资金的管理原则,明确管理人向托管人发送投资指令的具体规则。


       (6)【十七、信息披露与报告】:明确基金管理人进行信息披露的标准及时间界限,推荐投资者阅读管理人提供的季度及年度报告,重点关注关于投资组合相关内容,有助于投资者进行后续决策。


       (7)【十八、风险揭示】:所有基金投资可能面临风险的进行说明。


       (8)【十九、基金合同的效力、变更、终止】:阐明基金合同的效力以及实际情况变化时合同修正或解除的规则,总体遵循无实质影响事宜直接披露、一般事宜(如产品到期后续期)发送征询函、重要事宜(如产品投资范围变更)签署补充协议的方式进行,投资者可进行适当进行关注。


       (9)【二十、基金财产的清算】:阐明关于私募基金财产清算有关事项,对非持有至合同终止投资者影响较小。


       投资者和私募基金经营签订私募基金合同的目的是确定双方的权利和义务,维护投资者和私募基金经理的权益。希望对广大私募基金投资者有帮助。


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